Understanding basic command in ubuntu part-1
When a basic Ubuntu system is installed, you can add, remove, and otherwise manage.deb files to suit how you use that system. Most other Debian-based systems will use .deb files to install the bulk of the software on the system. There are three(3) basic command that usually used in ubuntu such as :
- APT — APT is a management system for software packages. Use APT to download and install packages from online repositories. The APT commands (apt-get, apt-cache, and so on) can be used to install packages locally. However, it’s normally used for working with online software.
- dpkg — dpkg is a tool to install, build, remove and manage Debian packages.The primary and more user-friendly front-end for dpkg is dselect(1). dpkg itself is controlled entirely via command line parameters, which consist of exactly one action and zero or more options. The action parameter tells dpkg what to do and options control the behavior of the action in some way. Use dpkg to work with .deb files from CD-ROM or other disk storage. The dpkg command has options for configuring, installing, and obtaining information on system software.
- aptitude — It allows the user to view the list of packages and to perform package management tasks such as installing, upgrading, and removing packages. Actions may be performed from a visual interface or from the command-lineUse aptitude at the command line for working with online repositories. The aptitude tool is recommended as the first choice because it will automatically take care of some of the tasks you must do manually when working with dpkg or APT.
First command about working with apt command :
there are some common command that usually used in ubuntu :
sudo apt-get update
Consults /etc/apt/sources.list and updates the database of available packages. Be sure to run this command whenever sources.list is changed.
sudo apt-cache search
Case-insensitive search of the package database for the keyword given. The package names and descriptions are returned where that keyword is found.
sudo apt-get install
Download and install the given package name as found in the package database. Starting with APT version 0.6, this command will automatically verify package authenticity for gpg keys it knows about (http://wiki.debian .org/SecureApt).
sudo apt-get -d install
Download the package only, placing it in /var/cache/apt/archives.
apt-cache show
Display information about the software from the named package.
sudo apt-get upgrade
Check updates for all installed pack-ages and then prompt to download and install them.
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
Updates the entire system to a new release, even if it means removing packages. Note: This is not the preferred method for updating a system.
sudo apt-get autoclean
Can be run anytime to delete partially downloaded packages, or packages no longer installed.
sudo apt-get clean
Removes all cached packages from /var/cache/apt/archives to free up disk space.
sudo apt-get –purge remove
Remove the named package and all its configuration files. Remove the–purge keyword to keep config files.
sudo apt-get -f install
Do a sanity check for broken packages. This tries to fix any “unmet dependency” messages.
sudo apt-config -V
Print version information of installed APT utilities.
sudo apt-key list
List gpg keys that APT knows about.
apt-cache stats
Print statistics on all packages installed.
apt-cache depends
Print dependencies for a package (whether it’s installed or not).
apt-cache pkgnames
List all packages installed on the system.
sudo apt-get -f install
Do a sanity check for broken packages. This tries to fix any “unmet dependency” messages.
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